Description: The purpose of this paper is to introduce a practical method for interpolation and smoothing and give a number of numerical examples using the method. The method is a variation of the Whittaker-Henderson method. Discussions of this paper are included.

Description: In this paper, methods are presented that allow the systematic graduation of multidimensional data subject to linear constraints. With these constraints the practitioner can impose limitations on the graduation that agree with prior knowledge. Discussions of this paper are included.

Description: In this paper the authors analyze data from group medical expense insurance claims and show that many insurance loss distributions have very 'heavy tails' because large losses represent a disproportionate fraction of the total cost. They also present a simple model to reproduce and explain the large loss behavior. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1990, VOL. 2

Description: This paper deals with the policy reserves for future benefits that arise under retrospectively experience-rated group insurance policies. The reserves discussed are true policy-year reserves and should not be confused with the statutory rating refund liability, which represents the amount of the current policy year's dividend or experience rating refund earned between the last policy anniversary and December 31.From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1983, Vol. 35.